APPLIED SOCIAL RESEARCH LECTURE 3
hi hi ! again another post !
'cause i really need motivation . or i won't get anything in my head . lol .
so i'll be doing notes again ! heh . XD
and credits to the teachers !
there are three types of designs !
1. Exploration study or Explanatory Design
-satisfy researcher's curiousity and desire for better understanding
-test the feasibility of undertaking a more extensive study
-develop methods to be emplyed in a subsequesnt study
2. Descriptive study or Descriptive Design
-describe situations and events
-answers What, Why, Where, How
(describing !)
3. Explanation or Explanatory Design
-answers 'Why'?
-deals with cause-and-effect relationships
(duh , it's just like explaining , lol)
a model i need to know :
NOMOTHETIC AND IDEOGRAPHIC MODELS
-this model tries to find independent variables that account for the variations in a given phenomenon
-the ideographic model focuses on a complete, in-depth understanding of a single case
Nomothetic Causality - Criteria
1. variables must be CORRELATED .
2. cause takes place BEFORE effect .
3. variables are nonspurious
False Criteria for Nomothetic Causality
-research can determine some causes, but cannot determine complete causation
-exceptions do not disprove a casual relationship
-casual relationships can be true even if they don't apply in a majority of cases
Necessary Cause
-a condition that must be present for the effect to follow (eg exam)
Sufficient Cause
-condition that if present, guarantees the effect in question (there are numerous explanations)
Unit of Analysis - Faulty Reasoning
Ecological Fallacy: Assuming something learned about an ecological unit says something about the indivduals in the unit
(kind of like overgeneralization; ie interview conducted with a class and majority says something but the conclusions says ALL instead)
TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES !
there are only two that i need to know .
1. Cross Sectional Studies
2. Longitudinal Studies
1. observations made at one point in time (data collected only ONCE)
and there is a kind of sub-study under this;
-Trend Studies
(examine change within a population)
2. observations over time (like same set of data being repeated years later to see pattern)
and there are two type of studies under Longitudinal Studies
-Cohort Studies
(examine cohorts as they change OVER TIME ie. 2009's those aged 40-50 years and 2010's those aged 40-50 years old)
-Panel Studies
(same set of people each time over ie. SAME SET !)
'cause i really need motivation . or i won't get anything in my head . lol .
so i'll be doing notes again ! heh . XD
and credits to the teachers !
there are three types of designs !
1. Exploration study or Explanatory Design
-satisfy researcher's curiousity and desire for better understanding
-test the feasibility of undertaking a more extensive study
-develop methods to be emplyed in a subsequesnt study
2. Descriptive study or Descriptive Design
-describe situations and events
-answers What, Why, Where, How
(describing !)
3. Explanation or Explanatory Design
-answers 'Why'?
-deals with cause-and-effect relationships
(duh , it's just like explaining , lol)
a model i need to know :
NOMOTHETIC AND IDEOGRAPHIC MODELS
-this model tries to find independent variables that account for the variations in a given phenomenon
-the ideographic model focuses on a complete, in-depth understanding of a single case
Nomothetic Causality - Criteria
1. variables must be CORRELATED .
2. cause takes place BEFORE effect .
3. variables are nonspurious
False Criteria for Nomothetic Causality
-research can determine some causes, but cannot determine complete causation
-exceptions do not disprove a casual relationship
-casual relationships can be true even if they don't apply in a majority of cases
Necessary Cause
-a condition that must be present for the effect to follow (eg exam)
Sufficient Cause
-condition that if present, guarantees the effect in question (there are numerous explanations)
Unit of Analysis - Faulty Reasoning
Ecological Fallacy: Assuming something learned about an ecological unit says something about the indivduals in the unit
(kind of like overgeneralization; ie interview conducted with a class and majority says something but the conclusions says ALL instead)
TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES !
there are only two that i need to know .
1. Cross Sectional Studies
2. Longitudinal Studies
1. observations made at one point in time (data collected only ONCE)
and there is a kind of sub-study under this;
-Trend Studies
(examine change within a population)
2. observations over time (like same set of data being repeated years later to see pattern)
and there are two type of studies under Longitudinal Studies
-Cohort Studies
(examine cohorts as they change OVER TIME ie. 2009's those aged 40-50 years and 2010's those aged 40-50 years old)
-Panel Studies
(same set of people each time over ie. SAME SET !)
